Suppose you were reading a novel, or watching a play or film, that included a fictional mathematician …
My guess is that the moment you read the two words “fictional mathematician” a second or two ago, your mind leapt ahead and you had a pretty good idea of what he—yes he, since even if there are female fictional mathematicians out there, femaleness is unlikely to be part of your instant and not fully conscious reaction to the phrase—was like: a social misfit who is prone to flashes of extraordinary insight that completely baffle everybody else, or perhaps a social misfit who would like to have those flashes but doesn’t and goes mad instead, or perhaps a social misfit who does have the insights but with madness the huge price he has to pay.
So here is a question: is there any example of a mathematician in literature, theatre or cinema who is a fairly normal person socially, and pretty good at maths but not astoundingly so? Some examples that do not work are Uncle Petros, from Uncle Petros and Goldbach’s Conjecture, both the father and the daughter in Proof, and Will from Good Will Hunting: they’re all either ridiculously good at maths (usually without having to do all that routine stuff like learning the proof of Schur’s lemma, or the open mapping theorem, or the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process etc.) or mad, or both. I also don’t count characters if they are colleagues of a crazy genius and their main role in the book/play/film is to marvel at how clever the crazy genius is. Let’s say that the character has to be the main one, or at least the main mathematical one.
Here is an answer to the question: as of recently, there is such a character. He may not be the first, but he is the first that I know of. I now have to confess that this post is a blatant plug, because the character in question appears in a book written by my sister, Rebecca Gowers. Because of this, I won’t say any more than that I liked the book, and particularly liked the fact that Joe, one of the two main characters, is not just a mathematician but a human being as well, and even, dare I say it, someone that a non-mathematician might enjoy being friends with. Also, even though his being a mathematician plays a role in the book, it is by no means essential to the plot — maths just happens to be his job. It’s not as earth-shatteringly exciting as the president of the United States just happening to be black, but in a very small way it provokes in me a similar feeling: it is a kind of acceptance that didn’t seem possible, and now it has happened.
Before you ask, my sister did ask me a few questions when she was writing the novel, but the mathematician in her novel is not based on me. If he were, then I wouldn’t be writing this. And if you’re interested, the book in question is called The Twisted Heart. If you Google it, you can find reviews.
May 9, 2009 at 3:33 pm |
Not meaning to spoil this otherwise very effective plug, I just wanted to say that I seem to remember that the main character in Frank Tallis’ book “Killing Time” fits your description of “a mathematician (..) who is a fairly normal person socially, and pretty good at maths but not astoundingly so”.
May 9, 2009 at 4:49 pm |
How about Jeff Goldblum in Jurassic Park?
May 9, 2009 at 5:11 pm |
Hmm, the character of Charlie Epps on the TV show Numb3rs is quite normal (more so that your typical actual mathematician, certainly). But he’s too good at math to meet your criteria. On the other hand, the FBI agents on the show are also impossibly good at their jobs, and perhaps some slack should be cut for a genre which requires an crime to be completely solved each 42 minute episode…
May 9, 2009 at 5:46 pm |
Odenigbo in the wonderful ‘Half of a Yellow Sun’ is a mathematician, though it’s only incidental to his character (it is, however, crucial that he is an academic). In fact,I don’t think he ever directly mentions maths.
May 9, 2009 at 11:10 pm |
Tom Jericho, the main character of Robert Harris’s Enigma, isn’t a bad fit for your criteria. He’s good at what he does (in this case breaking German codes) but not ridiculously so. And since he might be partially based on Turing, it seems acceptable for him to be pretty clever.
Charlie Epps from Numb3rs, on the other hand, is absurdly broad – every week he turns out to to be an expert in an area of mathematics that we didn’t know he’d worked in before. I disagree with Nathan on the subject of his comparative normality, though. It’s not that he’s that abnormal, but I don’t think a ‘typical’ mathematician is that abnormal either. If you’ve ever been in a room full of mediaeval historians you’ll know what I’m talking about.
May 9, 2009 at 11:39 pm |
Valentine Coverly in Stoppard’s Arcadia is a reasonable (but not great) mathematician and is also a well-rounded human being. Thomasina Coverly is too good at mathematics to meet your criteria.
May 9, 2009 at 11:47 pm |
Also, the narrator of “The Oxford Murders” is a moderately good mathematician but not exceptional, beyond being able to get a postdoc at Oxford. Professor Seldom is presented as being exceptional, but perhaps that can be forgiven of a fictional full professor at Oxford…
May 10, 2009 at 7:11 am |
What about David Sumner (played by Dustin Hoffman) in “Straw dogs”?
We can consider also Gregory Larkin (played by Jeff Bridges) in the “Mirror has two faces.
May 10, 2009 at 8:10 am |
Dear Timothy,
I certainly do not know of any fictional mathematician of the kind you described, which is why I will read the book you suggested
The following is somewhat related to what you were talking about (portrayals of mathematicians in movies or books). I have been looking for some time for a movie scene involving a mathematician proving a result that would be both not too easy nor too complicated, and doing so with an acceptable level of detail for the proof to be considered complete. That would probably occupy too many minutes in a movie to make it to the final cut, but if you or any reader of this blog knew of such a scene, I would be glad to hear about it.
Best,
Florent
PS: I have enjoyed your VSI when I read it as a graduate student. Long live this blog.
May 10, 2009 at 12:29 pm |
Hello, the protagonist of Musil’s “Man without qualities”, one of the 20th century’s defining novels is Ulrich, a 32 year old mathematician who’s “who is a fairly normal person socially, and pretty good at maths but not astoundingly so”.
Wikipedia entry
May 13, 2009 at 1:40 pm
I was suprised myself that this was omitted so far… This book is a masterpiece of world literature.
May 10, 2009 at 9:15 pm |
In regard to a mathematical proof in a movie I remembered someone talking about the snake lemma scene in a movie so I looked up snake lemma movie on google and found the move(Its My turn) and a whole site devoted to mathematics in the movies:
http://www.math.harvard.edu/~knill/mathmovies/swf/myturn_snake.html
which is where I found the title of the movie with the snake lemma in it.
May 11, 2009 at 12:16 am |
“even if there are female fictional mathematicians out there”
“the daughter in Proof”
That is an impressive level of double-think – doubting the existance of fictional female mathematicians _while_ giving one as an example.
I can’t imagine why people don’t instantly think of mathematicians as female when mathematicians who should know better dismiss the idea.
May 11, 2009 at 8:22 am
That is quite embarrassing. In my very weak defence, let me say that I wasn’t exactly doubting their existence, but just couldn’t think of any. And then when I did think of one a few minutes later I had forgotten about my earlier remark. Also, I was quite careful to say that the mathematician who is male is the stereotypical fictional mathematician and not the actual mathematician. But it seems that I was wrong even about the former.
May 11, 2009 at 12:42 am |
The 351 Books of Irma Arcuri (2008)
David Bajo
Abendland (Occident) (2007)
Michael Köhlmeier
Advanced Calculus of Murder (1988)
Erik Rosenthal
The Adventures of Topology Man (2005)
Alex Kasman
Alphabet (2002)
Chelsea Spear
Antonia’s Line (1995)
Marleen Gorris
Arcadia (1993)
Tom Stoppard
The Beekeeper’s Apprentice: Or the Segregation of the Queen (1994)
Laurie R. King
Beyond the Limit: The Dream of Sofya Kovalevskaya (2002)
Joan Spicci
Border Guards (1999)
Greg Egan
A Calculated Demise (2007)
Robert Spiller
Case of Lies (2005)
Perri O’Shaughnessy
A Certain Ambiguity: A Mathematical Novel (2007)
Gaurav Suri / Hartosh Singh Bal
Conceiving Ada (1997)
Lynn Hershman-Leeson
Contact (1985)
Carl Sagan
Dark as Day (2002)
Charles Sheffield
The Dark Lord (2005)
Patricia Simpson
The Difference Engine (1991)
William Gibson / Bruce Sterling
Digital Fortress (1996)
Dan Brown
A Disappearing Number (2007)
Simon McBurney
Distress (1995)
Greg Egan
Division by Zero (1991)
Ted Chiang
Eifelheim (2006)
Michael Flynn
Evariste and Heloise (2008)
Marco Abate
Eye of the Beholder (2005)
Alex Kasman
The Fairytale of the Completely Symmetrical Butterfly (2003)
Dietmar Dath
Fermat’s Room (La Habitacion de Fermat) (2007)
Luis Piedrahita / Rodrigo Sopeña
The Five Hysterical Girls Theorem (2000)
Rinne Groff
Flowers Stained with Moonlight (2005)
Catherine Shaw
The Fractal Murders (2001)
Mark Cohen
Gambler’s Rose (2000)
G.W. Hawkes
The Ghost from the Grand Banks (1990)
Arthur C. Clarke
The Giant Claw (1957)
Fred F. Sears (director)
Gifted: A Novel (2007)
Nikita Lalwani
The Givenchy Code (2005)
Julie Kenner
Hamisch in Avalon (1995)
Eliot Fintushel
A Higher Geometry (2006)
Sharelle Byars Moranville
A Hill on the Dark Side of the Moon (1983)
Lennart Hjulström
Hypatia (2000)
Mac Wellman
Hypatia: New Foes with an Old Face (1852)
Charles Kingsley
In the River (2006)
Justin Stanchfield
Irrational Numbers (2008)
Robert Spiller
It’s My Turn (1980)
Claudia Weill (director)
Leaning Towards Infinity (1996)
Sue Woolfe
Letters to a Young Mathematician (2006)
Ian Stewart
Lord Byron’s Novel: The Evening Land (2005)
John Crowley
Love Counts (2005)
Michael Hastings (libretto) / Michael Nyman (score)
Luminous (1995)
Greg Egan
Mathemagics (1996)
Margaret Ball
MathNet (1987)
Childrens Television Workshop
The Measure of Eternity (2006)
Sean McMullen
Monster (2005)
Alex Kasman
Mrs. Warren’s Profession (1894)
George Bernard Shaw
Murder, She Conjectured (2005)
Alex Kasman
No One You Know (2008)
Michelle Richmond
No Regrets (2007)
Shannon Butcher
NUMB3RS (2005)
Nick Falacci / Cheryl Heuton
The Object (2005)
Alex Kasman
Orpheus Lost: A Novel (2007)
Janette Turner Hospital
The Oxford Murders (2004)
Guillermo Martinez
Pop Quiz (2005)
Alex Kasman
PopCo (2004)
Scarlett Thomas
Proof (2000)
David Auburn (playwright)
Pythagoras’ Revenge: A Mathematical Mystery (2009)
Arturo Sangalli
Reality Conditions (2005)
Alex Kasman
Recess (Episode: A Genius Among Us) (2000)
Brian Hamill
River of Gods (2006)
Ian McDonald
The Rock (1996)
Robert Doherty
The Secret Life of Amanda K. Woods (1998)
Ann Cameron
The Shadow Guests (1980)
Joan Aiken
Shooting the Sun (2004)
Max Byrd
Silicon Muse (1984)
Hilbert Schenck
The Simpsons: Girls Just Want to Have Sums (2006)
Matt Selman
Singleton (2002)
Greg Egan
Smilla’s Sense of Snow (1993)
Peter Hoeg
Snow (1998)
Geoffrey A. Landis
Sophie’s Diary (2004)
Dora Musielak
Strange Attractors (1993)
Rebecca Goldstein
The Sudoku Murder (2007)
Shelley Freydont
The Three Body Problem (2004)
Catherine Shaw
Threshold (1997)
Sara Douglass
Two Moons (2000)
Thomas Mallon
Unreasonable Effectiveness (2003)
Alex Kasman
Villages (2004)
John Updike
What Are the Odds? (2006)
Justin Spitzer (writer) / Matthew Tritt (director)
The Witch of Agnesi (2006)
Robert Spiller
You Don’t Scare Me (2007)
John Farris
Zilkowski’s Theorem (2003)
Karl Iagnemma
(List generated from http://kasmana.people.cofc.edu/MATHFICT/default.html)
88 stories of fictional female mathematicians, from opera to children’s cartoon.
May 11, 2009 at 6:03 pm |
How about Nash’s buddies/co-workers in the movie version of A Beautiful Mind?
May 19, 2009 at 9:38 am
I like that suggestion, even though it falls under “colleagues of a crazy genius and their main role in the book/play/film is to marvel at how clever the crazy genius is”. When I saw the film I was a sixth-former about to go to Warwick to read Maths, and I found those guys really inspiring as hard-working and intelligent – but ultimately down to earth – Mathematicians.
May 11, 2009 at 11:25 pm |
Daniel Hood in the Brodie Farrell series by Jo Bannister is a high school math teacher who is treated quite positively in the series. He is definitely weird, but in a good way — a kind of saint who insists on being honest whatever the cost. I wrote about him in this post:
http://sixwingedseraph.wordpress.com/2008/09/11/daniel-the-mathematician/
May 12, 2009 at 2:39 am |
There’s another female mathematician in the game Eternal Darkness. I don’t think the mathematician aspect is relevant to any part of the game though.
May 13, 2009 at 12:44 am |
What about Hamlet?
I am ill at these numbers.
May 14, 2009 at 7:47 am |
This person must be wierd, you just did not noticed it yet
May 14, 2009 at 9:50 am |
There’s a famous (if rarely read in full — think Joyce’s “Ulysses” or Proust’s “A la recherche du temps perdu” for comparison) German novel by Musil: “Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften”, whose protagonist is only incidentally a mathematician (he doesn’t work as one in the novel) and a fairly average and nondescript person in most respects (the title means “the man without properties”). He has more affairs and mistresses than most real-life mathematicians, though, although Schroedinger and Einstein come close on the DAMTP-ish side.
May 14, 2009 at 9:56 am
Ah, that was already mentioned above.
May 14, 2009 at 7:03 pm |
I’m glad Sue Woolfe’s “a leaning to infinity” was mentioned in the long list above. I bought it some years ago at a remainder sale on the basis of its title and was not disappointed. The lady mathematician heroine of the book is a kind of Ramanujan from an Austalian small town in the outback and invents a wonderful theory about some new kind of special numbers. She gets invited to a big conference in Greece only to find that as a woman and an amateur she is treated as some kind of freak. Most of the book is devoted to her relationship with her mother and with men. I am not being sarcastic or sexist, it’s a great little book. Musil is a great Great book. The man without qualities is a post-modern anti-hero and has more true quality than all the “normal” people in the book.
May 15, 2009 at 4:15 pm |
Great post but I’m afraid I’ve got nothing to add to the list — VK’s comment covers all I could think of
May 16, 2009 at 1:20 am |
The recent book The solitude of the primes by Paolo Giordano, a italian PhD student, is a great book whose main character is a a young man who becomes a mathematician. It is true that he is a very troubled person, so he is certainly not the character you are looking for. However, his problems come from a severe childhood trauma, so are not the result of him doing mathematics. Also he appears to work very hard for his good results.
A further positive note is that his colleague later in the book is a very symphatetic man with a nice family who tries to help the main character.
Maybe a perfectly ordinary mathematician with a perfecty ordinary life is not someting regular readers are interested in as a main character
Unfortunatly the aformentioned book has not yet been translated to english, but it will soon be as it is a huge bestseller in Italy at the moment.
May 17, 2009 at 10:07 pm |
Professor Moriarty? He wasn’t mad, just evil.
May 19, 2009 at 9:34 am
This was who I first thought of too. I can’t remember the backstory or how great he’s supposed to be at Mathematics (a wikipedia look will probably reveal a string of prestigious academic achievements that don’t really bear much influence on the stories), but I always enjoyed how it was casually worked in that he had a Mathematics background.
May 18, 2009 at 5:54 pm |
The heroine in Sagan’s “Contact” seems pretty “normal”, and she found those circular thingies way downstream in pi, ya know.
May 19, 2009 at 4:16 pm |
Going beyond folklore into problem-solving, The Gallons Puzzle
in Die Hard 3. Bruce Willis with Samuel Jackson had to diffuse
a bomb in a fountain of water given only two empty vases with
three and five gallon capacity. The weight meter deactivated
the bomb after detecting four gallons of water.
May 20, 2009 at 2:36 am |
Just thought of another example, Christopher Tietjens (actually rather more of a government statistician) in that quartet by Ford Maddox Ford
May 20, 2009 at 2:48 am |
Re Moriarty: there is a vague reference to his having done extraordinary research “on the binomial theorem” (probably the limit of Conan Doyle’s mathematical knowledge) but otherwise there is no reference to his life as a mathematician.
May 20, 2009 at 8:36 am
That reminds me of a character I once came across in a novel by Candia McWilliam who did research on vector spaces. Perhaps there’s an entire category of fictional mathematicians who do research on implausibly elementary topics. (In case I’m accidentally insulting anyone here, I recognise that there are interesting problems in linear algebra, but one would describe that area as linear algebra rather than vector spaces.)
May 20, 2009 at 3:13 pm |
A Hill on the Dark Side on the Moon (Berget pa manens baksida), with Gunilla Nyroos playing Sonya Kovalevskaya. It is conjectured that the reason for the title is that there is a moon mountain named after her
(Luna 3 was the first to take the photograph). ps Linear algebra can be used to impress physicists in the quest to understand high temperature superconductivity. Surely a math biologist can come up with such an idea.
May 20, 2009 at 4:05 pm
I still think that nobody would describe their research as being “in vector spaces”. Somehow that suggests people looking for general theorems about vector spaces, interesting examples of vector spaces etc. But linear algebra is a different story — obviously there is a lot that can be said once matrices and linear maps enter the picture.
May 20, 2009 at 10:35 pm |
How about Trillian in the “Hitchhikers guide to the Galaxy”?
May 23, 2009 at 5:41 pm |
In the movie “21 grams”, Sean Penn plays a mathematics professor. The fact that he is a mathematician is not at all essential to the story, and he is indeed a main character. He does go a bit crazy at the end, but this is due to his fatal heart condition rather than his capacity for abstract thought. This seems to satisfy your criteria.
May 26, 2009 at 8:59 am |
Bennet O’Reilly in Connie Willis’ “Bellwether”. In fact I think the main protagonist , Sandra Foster, is either a statistician or a sociologist.
May 26, 2009 at 7:50 pm |
Hari Seldon from Asimov’s Foundation series.
May 28, 2009 at 5:21 pm |
Leonard Michaels wrote a series of short stories about a math professor named Nachman; he was, as I recall, a sort of averagely neurotic guy who was a competent researcher but not a star.
June 3, 2009 at 6:07 am |
the guy from Ringu (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0178868/) happens to be a mathematician, even though this has no relevance to the plot.
June 5, 2009 at 7:17 am |
The main character in the early 80s film _It’s My Turn_ is a perfect (counter)example: normal and female.
The film (a romantic comedy!) opens with what has been called the most erudite mathematical scene ever to appear in a major motion picture: a proof of the Snake Lemma.
(This one may also qualify under implausibly elementary research: rumor has it that an early version of the film had the main character doing research in “finite simple abelian groups”; apparently this caused a mathematician in a test audience to burst out laughing.)
June 15, 2009 at 6:27 am |
“Normal” mathematicians appear from time to time in episodes of Inspector Morse. They sometimes end up in jail, or, more usually, dead.
June 23, 2009 at 2:26 am |
Dr.Gowers,
Suppose instead we were to ask whether there are any real mathematicians who are social misfits who are prone to flashes of extraordinary insight that completely baffle everybody else, are there any other examples than Ramanujan?
June 23, 2009 at 2:41 am |
Is it really fair to refer to Ramanujan as a “social misfit”? According to both Hardy and Littlewood he was a friendly and sociable person, if somewhat unusual, as might be expected of a self-educated Indian transplanted to Cambridge in the 1920’s
June 27, 2009 at 2:53 pm |
Has anyone noticed that Alex Kasman of the College of Charleston has a VERY comprehensive webpage devoted to mathematics and mathematicians in fiction. He also features in VK’s list as the author of “Murder She Conjectured”
http://kasmana.people.cofc.edu/MATHFICT/
Just the other day I heard a book review on NPR about an aging mathematician who loses his memory, but in rather a curious way, he can only remember things in cycles. My memory is not so great either, since I can’t remember the title or the author, who is Japanese
August 18, 2009 at 12:42 am |
Hi Giles, the book you are referring to is “The Housekeeper and the Professor” by Yoko Ogawa, and indeed is a beautiful book: The characters are an aging math professor who, because of and injury in a car accident his short-time memory lasts only about 80 min and goes around his life with lots of papers stuck to his clothing to remind him of the most trivial matters; the other characters are his housekeeper and her 10 son whom the professor calls “root” because his haircut reminds him of the square root symbol!
October 4, 2009 at 10:50 pm |
[...] Maar goed, daar gaat het boek eigenlijk niet over. Het gaat over hoe de twee hoofdpersonen op hun eigen manier reageren op een verschrikkelijke gebeurtenis in hun jeugd. Een grappig detail is dat het onsympathiekste en wreedste personage in het boek (Viola) kiest voor… rechten als studie en in dit verband ook opmerkt dat wiskunde onbelangrijk is (want ze gaat toch rechten studeren). De manlijke hoofdpersoon past wel weer helemaal in het beeld dat wordt opgeroepen in de amusante blog van Timothy Gowers: When normality is abnormal. [...]
November 1, 2009 at 1:36 am
is “priemgetallen” Dutch/Flemish/Afrikaans (either AND or OR) for “prime numbers”?
October 31, 2009 at 8:06 pm |
There is a newly published graphic novel Logicomix by Apostolos Doxiadis and Christos Papadimitriou.
November 1, 2009 at 9:43 am |
“Priemgetallen” is Dutch for prime numbers. Officially, written Flemish and Dutch are the same language. I don’t know about Afrikaans (I’ll ask an Afrikaner).
November 1, 2009 at 12:50 pm |
I think Afrikaans is similar, for this reason: when I was at the University of Iowa I had a (non-Afrikaans) South African friend doing an MA in English. At the last minute he found out that he had to take a foreign language exam in two languages. He told the authorities he could do one in French which he did. The second language posed a problem. Then he had the bright idea of getting a Belgian or Dutch born faculty member to set an exam in Flemish, figuring his schoolbook Afrikaans would get him through. A Belgian doctor was found in the medical school who set a simple exam which Rob passed.
November 1, 2009 at 2:13 pm |
My Afrikaner mathematician colleague says “Almost. The Afrikaans for most Dutch plurals ending in ‘n’ omits it. So ‘Priemgetallen’ would be ‘Priemgetalle’ in Afrikaans”